If a pupil turns 16 between 1 October and the end of February they can leave at the start of the Christmas holidays in that school year Gov. As young people get older they may start to think about moving out and living independently, for various reasons. They may:. In some cases parents may ask their children to leave the home, for example for financial reasons or a breakdown in relationships.
If a child under 16 is made to leave or doesn't feel safe in their home, local children's services can help. A child or young person aged 16 or 17 should contact their local children's services team if they are considering leaving home.
Children's services should discuss the matter with them to see what support they need. Children's services may be able to work with the family to enable the young person to stay at home, or arrange alternative accommodation such as with another family member or friend. But they should also respect the child's wishes about where they want to live. A child or young person may be considered homeless when their home is not suitable or they do not have the right to stay where they live.
For example they may be living somewhere that is dangerous or overcrowded. A homeless child is entitled to accommodation from their local authority children's services, regardless of their nationality or immigration status.
In England, certain public authorities including child protection services have a duty to refer service users who are homeless or at risk of homelessness to a housing authority. They must get consent from the individual service user to do this, and allow the service user to choose which housing authority the referral is made to DfE, In Wales statutory guidance for homeless and year-olds is Provision of accommodation for 16 and 17 year old young people who may be homeless PDF Welsh Government, If a child or young person wants to live independently it's important to consider their ability to support themselves financially.
They may not be in a position to put down a deposit on a property, pay rent and bills, or buy food. In England, Northern Ireland and Wales, young people are not legally entitled to have a tenancy agreement to rent a property in their own name until they are In Scotland this is possible from Children who are aged 16 or 17 and who have little or no income may be eligible to claim Income Support IS or jobseeker's allowance JSA.
The local Citizen's Advice Bureau can help work out what support a child is entitled to. If a child or young person needs confidential help and advice direct them to Childline. Calls to are free and children can also contact Childline online or read about homelessness on the Childline website. You can also download or order Childline posters and wallet cards. In all nations of the UK, children leaving care at 18 are entitled to support from their local authority until they are at least Young people who have their own children are entitled to support.
The local children's services or the Citizen's Advice Bureau can advise about what help is available. The youngest age a child can work part-time is 13, except for children involved in specific areas such as television, theatre or modelling Gov. Children working in these areas will need a performance licence. Children can only start working full-time once they've reached the minimum school leaving age — after this they can work up to 40 hours per week Gov.
In England, a young person must be in part-time education or training until they're 18 Gov. Young people can work as apprentices from the age of Apprentices are paid a salary for their work and also pay tax and national insurance. To help keep children safe and protect their rights, there are laws governing what kinds of work they can do, how they are paid, and when they can work. An employer can be prosecuted for breaking these laws. In most cases, businesses intending to employ school-aged children need to apply to their local authority for a child employment permit before the child can start work.
Employers have a responsibility to keep all the children they work with safe. This includes providing a safe environment and making sure they are doing a job which is suitable for their physical and psychological capabilities. Employers must carry out a risk assessment before a child starts work, and take measures to reduce any risks identified.
In most cases, if the child is below school leaving age, the employer must inform the child's parents about the results of the risk assessment. Although there is no law in the UK saying how old a babysitter should be, we recommend they should be at least In general, only people aged 18 or over should be included as adults when calculating adult to child ratios.
If overyear-olds are doing work that is classed as "regulated activity" they need to have a criminal records check. The Department for Education DfE has published non-statutory advice for everyone involved in the planning or delivery of 16 to 19 study programmes, which includes best practice information about work experience placements DfE, The HSE have published information on their website for employers who have young people doing work experience with them HSE, b.
In each UK nation, the age of consent the legal age when people can engage in sexual activity is years-old. This is the same regardless of the person's gender identity, sexual identity and whether the sexual activity is between people of the same or different gender. The law is there to protect children from abuse or exploitation, rather than to prosecute unders who participate in mutually consenting sexual activity.
Underage sexual activity should always be seen as a possible indicator of child sexual exploitation. The law says anyone under the age of 13 can never legally give consent. The law gives extra protection to young people who are over the age of consent but under It is illegal:. The age of criminal responsibility in Scotland is years-old. In England and Wales children between 10 and 17 can be arrested and taken to court if they commit a crime.
They are treated differently from adults:. In England and Wales, children under 10 cannot be charged with committing a criminal offence. However, they can be given a:. Children under 10 who break the law regularly can sometimes be taken into care, or their parents could be held responsible Crime and Disorder Act Young people aged are treated as an adult by the law in England and Wales.
It is common for courts to grant permission for girls to marry below the legal age. In Iran in , for example, The Telegraph reported that as many as 42, children aged between ten and 14 were married, and girls younger than ten had wed. In Jordan, year-olds can consent to sex, while in Iraq they must be By contrast, Bahrain has the highest age of consent in the world, at South America: In Brazil, Colombia and Ecuador, the age of consent is 14, regardless of gender or sexual orientation.
Paraguay, meanwhile, has the age set at 14 for heterosexual relations, but at 16 for homosexual sexual activity, and does not have a close-in-age exemption. In Chile, where the age of consent is 18, it is possible for two individuals both aged 17 or under who willingly engage in intercourse to be prosecuted for statutory rape, although this is rare.
Skip to header Skip to main content Skip to footer. Home News World News. In Depth. France to set age of consent at 15 following rape outcry Kentucky child marriage ban stalled by conservatives. Will climate change lead to war? Getting to grips with. Age of consent laws vary considerably worldwide. Most countries require young people to be at least 14 before having sex.
But there are exceptions. Angola and the Philippines both set the age of consent at 12, which is the lowest in the world. Several other countries, including Niger and Japan , have designated 13 as the age of consent—although Japan has notoriously inconsistent consent laws that designate different ages of consent, ranging from 13 to 20, depending upon where one is in the country.
Additionally, several countries in Asia and Africa require individuals to be married before they can legally have sex. These include Libya , Afghanistan , and Saudi Arabia , all of which are highly conservative on issues of gender and sexuality. Many countries, states, or territories also have "close-in-age" exemptions, commonly called "Romeo and Juliet" clauses. These laws can remove legal liability when all participants in a sex act are underaged for example, two year-olds.
In areas that do not have close-in-age exemptions, it is possible for a person who is under the age of consent to be held liable for engaging in sexual activity with another underaged person. For example: If a country has no Romeo and Juliet clause and its age of consent of 16, two year-olds who willingly have sex with one another could both be prosecuted for statutory rape.
While most European countries set as the age of consent, several others, including Malta and Vatican City , require young people to be at least 18 before legally having sex. Europe 's lowest age of consent is 14, which applies in countries including Austria , Italy , Serbia , Germany , and Portugal.
In the United States , the age of consent is decided individually by each state and ranges from 16 to However, Chile and Argentina have the highest ages of consent in the Americas at 18 years old. Finally, note that the age of consent laws, whose purpose is to curb sexual exploitation of minors, are not the same as the minimum age to marry laws, which are designed to deter child marriages. Japan has multiple overlapping laws that address the age of consent. As a result, the age of consent varies significantly across the country.
Each of these sets out different guidelines as to when sexual activity is acceptable. The Penal Code of Japan was established in and sets the age of consent at Any sexual activity with a person under 13 is considered to be statutory rape and can result in a prison sentence of up to 20 years.
However, chapter 34 of the Child Welfare Act also forbids any act of 'fornication' with children defined as anyone under 18 years of age. The Juvenile Obscene Acts, which take precedence over the Penal Code, set out laws relating to the age of consent for specific prefectures.
In some, sexual activity with anyone under 15 is illegal, but in others, the age is In these prefectures, engaging in sexual activity with a person under the age of consent can lead to a prison sentence of up to five years. Although rare, in some prefectures, even hugging or holding hands with someone underage can be illegal.
The Civil Codes also approach the age of consent at the prefecture level and sometimes municipalities within a prefecture. In Japan, a person must reach the age of 20 to be considered an adult, and parental consent plays a significant role in legal issues affecting young people.
With regard to the age of consent, this means that it is illegal to marry a person under 20 without written parental permission.
This applies regardless of the partner's age as Japan does not have a 'close-in-age exemption' concerning the age of consent i. Additionally, some prefectures have specific laws beyond those outlined above, which apply only to that prefecture. For example, Tokyo has a Youth Protection Law that makes it illegal for an adult to engage in sexual activity with anyone below 17, but this only applies in Tokyo.
The de facto age of consent is generally considered to be 18, if not higher. The age of consent in Germany is 14 years old. Prosecution for statutory rape or the local equivalent can result in prison time ranging from 6 months to 10 years. The age of consent in Germany is 14 if both partners are under Sexual activity with a person under 18 is punishable if the adult is a person of authority over the minor in upbringing, education, care, or employment.
A person who is over 21 may engage in sexual activity with someone who is 14 or older, but not yet 16, so long as the younger individual's lack of capacity for sexual self-determination is not exploited.
If it is, the younger individual would need to file a complaint against the person who is over 21 for legal action to begin. Sexual activity performed without consent or by force in any situation is illegal. The age of consent of 14 16 for "unblemished" girls whose parents filed a complaint was established by the German Empire's Criminal Code in After the reunification of Germany, the age of consent remained at 14 and Code Section was refreshed with the current guidelines.
The age of consent in Mexico is 17 years old. However, each of Mexico's 20 territories also has its own age of consent laws, with minimum consent ranging from age 14 in Tlaxcala to age 18 in many territories. Mexico does not have a close-in-age consent exemption. This means that two people under 17 years old who willingly engage in sexual activity are both subject to being prosecuted for statutory rape. This also applies to one partner being 16 and the other This is one of the oldest ages of consent in the world.
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